What is involved in ADHD testing?

Diagnosing ADHD is a process with several steps, the first being to talk with a trusted healthcare provider. Mental health professionals, like a psychologist or psychiatrist, or a primary care physician, like a pediatrician, are both healthcare providers that can give a diagnosis. There is no single test to diagnose ADHD, and the symptoms of it can be the same as other problems, such as sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, and certain types of learning disabilities. These will have to be ruled out, or maybe even be co-occurring at the same time as ADHD. Racially and ethnically marginalized individuals face notable barriers to receive diagnosis and treatment.

Although most studies agree that the differences in prevalence exist in the diagnosis of ADHD amongst marginalized people, there are discrepancies in the data (Yu Shi et al, 2021). For example, Black children may have a higher or lower rate compared with non-Hispanic White children depending on the study. The reasons for why is unclear, but it is suspected to be due to socioeconomic and cultural factors such as no access to the same level of healthcare or the mistrust built in a minority community from past racial testing. That is why it is important to trust the healthcare provider and for healthcare providers to be aware of and understand why some might be dubious about treatment and medication when they finally do receive it. One place to find a trusted treatment with someone who understands the struggle is at Blue Sage Wellness. Our PHMNPs specialize in dealing with complex cases amongst Black and Brown people.

The process for adults and children differ since the symptoms of ADHD look different depending on age. However, all adults must have shown symptoms earlier, starting before age 12. The main difference between diagnosing ADHD in children and adults is the number of symptoms. Adults or adolescents over 16 must show five, instead of six, symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity and impulsivity. These symptoms will also look different in adults compared to children. For example, in adults, hyperactivity may appear as extreme restlessness or wearing others out with their activity.

Healthcare providers use the guidelines in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth edition (DSM-5), to help diagnose ADHD. This diagnostic standard helps ensure people are appropriately diagnosed and treated for ADHD. Using the same standard across communities can help determine how many people have ADHD and how public health is impacted by this condition. In children, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that healthcare providers ask parents, teachers, and other adults who care for the child in different settings, including at home, school, or with peers. Note that all ADHD symptoms (inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity) must have been present for at least 6 months, and they are inappropriate for the person’s developmental level. These symptoms must be present in two or more settings (i.e. home, school, work; with friends or relatives); there must be clear evidence that the symptoms interfere with or reduce the quality of everyday functioning whether it be social, school, or work; and the symptoms are not better explained by another mental disorder (i.e. a mood disorder, an anxiety disorder, a dissociative disorder, or a personality disorder). If you think you or someone you love is showing symptoms of ADHD and are looking for neurodivergent affirming and understanding care by a BIPOC staff look into booking with us today!