What is Autism?

Autism or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a condition related to brain development that affects how people see others and socialize with them. It falls under the umbrella of neurodevelopmental disorders. These are conditions affecting brain function that show symptoms early in life – often before or after starting school. This can cause problems in communication and getting along with others socially. The condition can also include limited and repeated behavior. The term “spectrum” in autism spectrum disorder refers to the wide range of symptoms and the severity of these symptoms. It is important to note there is not one “look” or “way to act” for ASD. Conditions included on this spectrum are Asperger's syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, and a form of widespread developmental disorder that isn’t specified.

Autism spectrum disorder begins in early childhood but sometimes goes undiagnosed – especially in girls and BIPOC. Over time, if left untreated and undiagnosed, it can cause difficulty functioning in society. There is no cure for ASD, but getting treatment such as behavioral therapies and having support can make a big difference by making the most out of their strengths and managing any challenges.

What are the Symptoms?

Children may show signs of autism spectrum disorder in early infancy, such as less eye contact, not responding to their names, or not being interested in caregivers. Other children may not develop as expected the first few months of their life; then they suddenly become withdrawn or aggressive or lose the language skills they had before. All these signs are usually seen by ages 2 to 3 years old.

Some people in the mild range on the autism spectrum may have more symptoms that aren’t noticed early on. They may not be diagnosed until middle to late childhood when there is a greater need to communicate and be social – although, sometimes, a diagnosis is made during the first time in adulthood. In these cases, childhood symptoms are typically seen as quirks or just “advanced behavior” in cases of children who learn quickly but have trouble communicating. These children either purposely or incidentally begin “masking” their behavior, further delaying any sort of test or diagnosis.

Specific Examples:

• Create specific routines or rituals and become upset at even small changes.

• Aren’t coordinated and may be clumsy, or they move in patterns that aren’t usual, such as walking on toes.

• Have unusual, stiff, or exaggerated body language.

• Are sensitive to light, sound or touch, but may not be affected by pain or temperature.

• Hyperfixate on an object or activity.

• Prefer specific foods, such as eating only a few foods or not wanting to eat foods with certain textures.

• Prefers being alone to working in a group setting due to feeling overwhelmed and social exhaustion.

• Difficulty interpreting body language.

• Speaks in a monotone or sing-song voice.

Signs That Suggest Testing Could Help

If something about how you’re living your life causes distress or dysfunction and you would like support whether that be a diagnosis, therapy, or medication to make things easier, it’s worth talking to someone about. Understanding if you’re on the autism spectrum can provide validation and opens doors to therapies, accommodations, and strategies that make life more manageable and less stressful, says the Autistic Research Institute. Adults might benefit from testing if they constantly struggle with symptoms of the disorder and they get in the way of everyday life.

Key Areas to Look For:

• Persistent Executive Function Challenges:  You consistently miss deadlines, lose things, struggle to start tasks (procrastination), or have trouble planning and prioritizing even when you want to be organized. It has become a daily battle for you to manage work, relationships, and overall functioning.

• Intense Special Interests and Repetitive Behaviors: You have deep, all-consuming hyperfixations or find comfort in repetitive actions (like stimming) alongside a strong need for routines that you struggle to keep.

• Social Communication Hurdles: You find interactions draining, often feel awkward in social settings, misinterpret cues, take things too literally (like jokes and sarcasm), struggle to interpret vocal tones, or struggle to maintain relationships.

• Sensory Overload or Underload: Certain sounds, lights, textures, or crowds are intensely uncomfortable (or, conversely, you seek intense stimulation) leading to meltdowns or zoning out.

• Chronic Burnout and Masking: You feel exhausted from constantly pretending to be “normal,” managing double the effort to keep up with peers, or experiencing intense anxiety and burnout because your brain works differently.

What Causes Autism?

Experts haven’t found a single cause of ASD. It’s likely a combination of genetics and certain things related to pregnancy, labor, and delivery, including:

• Becoming pregnant over age 35.

• Becoming pregnant within 12 months of having another baby.

• Having gestational diabetes.

• Having bleeding during pregnancy.

• Using certain medications, such as valproate, while pregnant.

• Smaller-than-expected fetal size (intrauterine growth restriction).

• Reduced oxygen to the fetus during pregnancy or delivery.

• Giving birth early (premature, preemie).

The genetic causes of autism spectrum disorder are complicated. There’s not a single, specific gene variation that’s unique to autism. Instead, many gene variations are linked to it. These changes might be inherited (passed down within the biological family) or appear for the first time in someone.

Is There an Autism Test?

No, not in the typical way someone might think of a medical test. There aren’t any lab tests or markers in blood or pee for autism. Providers may do genetic testing to check for gene variations, but genetic testing doesn’t provide a diagnosis. Instead, it may help narrow down the cause of brain differences.

When seeking a diagnosis, it helps to see a clinician who’s trained to recognize autism. Dr. Chanel Thomas at Blue Sage Wellness (BSW) is well trained and can do a standardized assessment for anyone suspecting they might have ASD. Book a consult today.

Exploring Self-Diagnosis

For many, the journey begins with self-diagnosis. Many within the community report that self-diagnosis through research or taking an online questionnaire was one of their first steps towards understanding themselves better. Self-assessment can be a valuable first step, especially if you or your loved one feel confident in self-reflection and are eager to learn more about ASD. There is also some research that shows beyond self-affirming, online assessments and self-diagnosis can be accurately indicative of autism.

While we ate Blue Sage Wellness and many support groups recognize and honor the value of self-diagnosis, it is important to note that many government services and agencies such as disability do require a formal evaluation to be eligible.

What You Should Keep in Mind About Testing

Remember that getting tested isn’t about labelling yourself but about gaining clarity and a deeper understanding of how your brain works. Whether you walk away with a diagnosis or simply more insight into how your mind works, the process can give you tools for a healthier, more balanced life. Your disorder doesn’t define you but knowing whether it is part of your story can help you take control and thrive.

There are also many doors a formal evaluation and diagnosis can provide, such as access to benefits like Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) or Supplemental Security income (SSI). In the United States, a variety of medical professionals can diagnose autism. While specific medical professionals are qualified to provide a diagnosis, other practitioners, such as a PMHNP, may also administer assessments and contribute valuable insights into an individual’s needs and can be a big help in the right direction.

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Common Questions

Do I need a referral to start?

No referral is needed to book with us.

Can I book with BSW if I already have a therapist or primary care provider?

Yes. We believe in team-based care and are happy to work alongside your existing providers.

What insurance does BSW take?

We accept Aetna and United Healthcare for qualifying visits. For other plans, we can provide a superbill for potential reimbursement. HSA, FSA, and CareCredit are also accepted.

What if I’m nervous about making an appointment?

That’s a completely reasonable response to a healthcare system that hasn’t always shown up for you. We encourage you to take the next small step anyway. A 15-minute discovery call is a low-stakes way to get a feel for the space before committing to anything.